ბიბლიოგრაფია

1. Bagus, P. and Howden, D., ‘Fractional Reserve Free Banking: Some Quibbles.’ Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, vol. 13, no. 4, 2010, pp. 29-55, Link
2. Bagus, P. and Howden, D., ‘Unanswered Quibbles: George Selgin Still Gets It Wrong With Fractional Reserve Free Banking’, Revista Procesos de Mercado, vol. 8, no. 2, July 2011, pp. 83-111, Link
3. Bank of England, ‘Money creation in the modern economy’, Quarterly Bulletin, Q1, 2014, Link
4. Benlala, M. A., ‘A Scrutiny of The Demand Deposit (Current Account) through the Lenses of Law And Islamic Jurisprudence’, Law and World, vol. 8, no. 4, December 2022, pp. 16-33, Link
5. Benlala, M. A., ‘The Characterization of the Demand Deposit as a Loan under Fractional Reserve Banking: A Critical Legal Analysis,’ Perspectives of Law and Public Administration, vol. 11, no. 4, December 2022, pp. 638-649, Link
6. Berry, S., Harrison, R., Thomas, R. and Weymarn, I., ‘Interpreting movements in broad money’, Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin Q 3, 2007.
7. Bundesbank, ‘The role of banks, non-banks and the central bank in the money creation process’, Monthly Report 2017, Link
8. Constancio, V., ‘Challenges to monetary policy in 2012’, Speech at 26th International Conference on Interest Rates, Frankfurt am Main, 8 December 2011, Link
9. Corporate fi nance institute team, ‘Fractional Banking’, Corporatefi nanceinstitute [website], Link
10. Financial Conduct Authority, Client asset sourcebook (CASS), FCA PRA handbook, 2013, Link
11. Foundation For Teaching Economics, ‘Activity 6: Show Me the Money! A Fractional Reserve Banking Simulation’, fte [website], Link
12. Gross M. and Siebenbrunner, C., ‘Money Creation in Fiat and Digital Currency Systems’, IMF Working Paper, WP/19/285, December 2019, Link
13. Hayek, F. A., The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism, 1st edn, Routledge, 1990.
14. Hoppe, H., ‘How is Fiat Money Possible? – or, The Devolution of Money and Credit’, Review of Austrian Economics, vol. 7, no. 2, 1994, pp. 49-74.
15. Hoppe, H., Hulsmann. J. G. and Block, W., ‘Against Fiduciary Media’, Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, vol. 1, no. 1, 1998, pp. 19-50, Link
16. Huerta de Soto, J., Money, Bank Credit, and Economic Cycles, Ludwig Von Mises Institute, Auburn, AL., 2006.
17. Hulsmann, J. G., ‘Banks Cannot Create Money’, The Independent Review, vol. 5, no 1, summer 2000, pp. 101-110, Link
18. Hulsmann, J. G., The Ethics of Money Production, Ludwig Von Mises Institute, Auburn, AL., 2008.
19. Keynes, J. M., A Treatise on Money, Macmillan and Co., London, 1930.
20. King, M., ‘Speech to the South Wales Chamber of Commerce at the Millennium Centre’, Cardiff , October 23rd, 2012.
21. Mankiw, N. G., Macroeconomics, 7th edn, Worth Publishers, New York, 2010.
22. Minsky, H. P. and Kaufman, H., Stabilizing an unstable economy, Vol. 1, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2008.
23. Rendahl, P. and Freund, L. B., ‘Banks do not create money out of thin air’, Centre for Economic policy research cepr [website], 14 December 2019, Link
24. Rothbard, M. N., Man, Economy, and State, Ludwig Von Mises Institute, Auburn, AL., 1993.
25. Rothbard, M. N., The Case Against the Fed, Ludwig Von Mises Institute, Auburn, AL., 2007.
26. Rozeff , M., ‘Rothbard on Fractional Reserve Banking: A Critique’, The Independent Review, vol. 14, no. 4, 2010, pp. 497-512. Link
27. Salerno, J. T. and Cochran, J. P., ‘Fractional Reserve Banking and The Federal Reserve: The Economic Consequences of High-Powered Money’, Hearing Before The Subcommittee on Domestic Monetary Policy and Technology of The Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, 112th Congress, 2nd Session, June 28, 2012, Link
28. Schumpeter, J., The Theory of Economic Development, Harvard University Press, Massachusetts, 1949.
29. Scitovsky, T., Money and the Balance of Payments, 1st edn, Routledge, 1969, Link
30. Selgin, G., ‘Mere Quibbles: Bagus and Howden's Critique of The Theory of Free Banking’, April 4, 2011, Link
31. Selgin, G., The Theory of Free Banking: Money Supply under Competitive Note Issue, Rowman and Littlefeld, New Jersey, 1988.
32. Turner, A., ‘Credit, Money and Leverage’, Conference on: Towards a Sustainable Financial System, Stockholm School of Economics, September 12th, 2013, Link
33. Von Mises, L., The Theory of Money and Credit, Liberty Classics, Indianapolis, Ind., 1980.
34. Werner, R. A., ‘Can banks individually create money out of nothing? — The theories and the empirical evidence’, International Review of Financial Analysis, vol. 36, 2014, pp. 1-19, Link
35. Werner, R. A., ‘How do banks create money, and why can other fi rms not do the same? An explanation for the coexistence of lending and deposit-taking’, International Review of Financial Analysis, vol. 36, December 2014, pp. 71-77, Link

სქოლიო:

1. J. Huerta de Soto, Money, Bank Credit, and Economic Cycles, Ludwig Von Mises Institute, Auburn, AL., 2006.
2. J. G. Hulsmann, The Ethics of Money Production, Ludwig Von Mises Institute, Auburn, AL., 2008.
3. P. Bagus & D. Howden, ‘Fractional Reserve Free Banking: Some Quibbles.’ Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, vol. 13, no. 4, 2010, pp. 29-55,
4. P. Bagus & D. Howden, ‘Unanswered Quibbles: George Selgin Still Gets It Wrong With Fractional Reserve Free Banking’, Revista Procesos de Mercado, vol. 8, no. 2, July 2011, pp. 83-111, Link
5. G, Selgin, The Theory of Free Banking: Money Supply under Competitive Note Issue, Rowman and LiƩ lefeld, New Jersey, 1988.
6. G, Selgin, ‘Mere Quibbles: Bagus and Howden's Critique of The Theory of Free Banking’, April 4, 2011,
7. T. Scitovsky, Money and the Balance of Payments, 1st edn, Routledge, 1969, p. 1, Link
8. N.G. Mankiw, Macroeconomics, 7th edn, Worth Publishers, New York, 2010, pp. 80-81.
9. M. Gross & C. Siebenbrunner, ‘Money Creation in Fiat and Digital Currency Systems’, IMF Working Paper, WP/19/285, December 2019, pp. 8-9, Link
10. Foundation For Teaching Economics, ‘Activity 6: Show Me the Money! A Fractional Reserve Banking Simulation’, Ō e [website], Link [Last seen 13 December 2022]
11. Corporate fi nance institute team, ‘Fractional Banking’, Corporatefi nanceinstitute [website],
12. J. T. Salerno, ‘Fractional Reserve Banking and The Federal Reserve: The Economic Consequences of High-Powered Money’, Hearing Before The SubcommiƩ ee on Domestic Monetary Policy and Technology of The CommiƩ ee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, 112th Congress, 2nd Session, June 28, 2012,
13. Ibid, J. P. Cochran.
14. Corporate fi nance institute team, Para. 4.
15. P. Rendahl & L. B. Freund, ‘Banks do not create money out of thin air’, Centre for Economic policy research cepr [website], 14 December 2019, Link [Last seen 17 December 2022].
16. M. Rozeff , ‘Rothbard on Fractional Reserve Banking: A Critique’, The Independent Review, vol. 14, no. 4, 2010, p. 500,Link [Last seen 20 September 2022].
17. R. A. Werner, ‘Can banks individually create money out of nothing? — The theories and the empirical evidence’, International Review of Financial Analysis, vol. 36, 2014, pp. 1-19, Link
18. M. A. Benlala, ‘A Scrutiny of The Demand Deposit (Current Account) through the Lenses of Law And Islamic Jurisprudence’, Law and World, vol. 8, no. 4, December 2022, pp. 16-33, Link
19. J. Schumpeter, The Theory of Economic Development, Harvard University Press, MassachuseƩ s, 1949, pp. 97-98.
20. J. M. Keynes, A Treatise on Money, Macmillan and Co., London, 1930, p. 21.
21. H. P. Minsky & H. Kaufman, Stabilizing an unstable economy, Vol. 1, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2008, pp. 256, 278.
22. S. Berry, R. Harrison, R. Thomas & I. Weymarn, ‘Interpreting movements in broad money’, Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin Q 3, 2007.
23. V. Constancio, ‘Challenges to monetary policy in 2012’, Speech at 26th International Conference on Interest Rates, Frankfurt am Main, 8 December 2011, p. 5, Link [Last seen 28 November 2022].
24. M. King, ‘Speech to the South Wales Chamber of Commerce at the Millennium Centre’, Cardiff , October 23rd, 2012.
25. A. Turner, ‘Credit, Money and Leverage’, Conference on: Towards a Sustainable Financial System, Stockholm School of Economics, September 12th, 2013, p. 3, Link [Last seen 13 December 202]).
26. Bank of England, ‘Money creation in the modern economy’, Quarterly Bulletin, Q1, 2014, Link [Last seen 13 December 2022].
27. Bundesbank, ‘The role of banks, non-banks and the central bank in the money creation process’, Monthly Report 2017, Link [Last seen 13 December 2022].
28. Huerta de Soto, p 115.
29. For more on this particular issue, you can see M.A. Benlala, ‘The Characterization of the Demand Deposit as a Loan under Fractional Reserve Banking: A Critical Legal Analysis,’ Perspectives of Law and Public Administration, vol. 11, no. 4, December 2022, pp. 638-649, Link [Last seen 03 January 2023].
30. Huerta de Soto, p 117.
31. Ibid, p. 151.
32. Ibid, p. 152.
33. F. A. Hayek, The Fatal Conceit: The Errors of Socialism, 1st edn, Routledge, 1990, pp. 103-104.
34. Huerta de Soto, p 118.
35. J. G. Hulsmann, ‘Banks Cannot Create Money’, The Independent Review, vol. 5, no 1, summer 2000, p. 105, Link [Last seen 17 December 2022].
36. For details see Huerta de Soto, p 69.
37. M. N. Rothbard, The Case Against the Fed, Ludwig Von Mises Institute, Auburn, AL., 2007, pp. 90-106.
38. For further extensive analysis see M. A. Benlala, ‘A Scrutiny of The Demand Deposit (Current Account) through the Lenses of Law And Islamic Jurisprudence’, Law and World, vol. 8, no. 4, December 2022, pp. 23-29, Link
39. Huerta de Soto, pp. 153-154.
40. Ibid, 154-155.
41. Ibid, pp. 252-253.
42. Financial Conduct Authority, Client asset sourcebook (CASS), FCA PRA handbook, 2013, Link [Last seen 27 December 2022].
43. Ibid.
44. R. A. Werner, ‘How do banks create money, and why can other fi rms not do the same? An explanation for the coexistence of lending and deposit-taking’, International Review of Financial Analysis, vol. 36, December 2014, p. 75, Link
45. H. Hoppe, J. G. Hulsmann & W. Block, ‘Against Fiduciary Media’, Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics, vol. 1, no. 1, 1998, p. 23, Link [Last seen 27 December 2022].
46. M. N. Rothbard, Man, Economy, and State,
47. H. Hoppe, pp. 72-73.
48. J. G. Hulsmann, The Ethics of Money Production, pp. 8990.
49. Ibid, p. 109.
50. Ibid. p. 131-132.
51. Ibid, p. 138-140.
52. Ibid, p. 141.
53. Ibid, p. 153-157.
54. Ibid, p. 180-181.